Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by
- Problems in communication and social interaction.
- repetitive and stereotypical behaviours
- Poor eye contact
- difficulty understanding other people’s emotions and so it may seem they are be insensitive to the emotions of others.
- they may have difficulties developing and maintaining friendships, communicating with peers when they grow up. They may also have conditions such as anxiety, depression.
There is no single cause of ASD, but it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
ASD is four times more common in boys than girls. It can be associated/ co morbid with other disorders like intellectual disability (ID) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD).
ASD can be a debilitating condition for the parents and the caregivers, but with early diagnosis and intervention, many people with ASD can lead happy and productive lives. There are many treatments available that can help people manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.
ASD usually starts before the age of 3 years, some kids show ASD symptoms in the first 12 months of life, while others don’t show any until they’re 24 months old or even older. Some children with ASD gain new skills and meet developmental milestones until around 18 to 24 months old, and then they stop gaining new skills or lose the skills they once had.
Symptoms Associated with ASD:
There are a range of symptoms associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which can vary in severity.
- Some of the more common symptoms include difficulty with social interaction, problems with communication
- People with ASD may have difficulty understanding and responding to body language and facial expressions. And find it hard to initiate and sustain conversations.
- Some people with ASD may not speak at all, while others may speak in a flat, monotone voice.
- People with ASD may also engage in repetitive behaviours, such as hand flapping or rocking back and forth.
- Some people with ASD may also have problems with sensory processing, meaning they may be oversensitive or under sensitive to certain stimuli, such as noise or touch.
If you think someone you know may have ASD, it is important to see a doctor or mental health professional for an assessment. Early diagnosis and intervention can make a big difference in the lives of people with ASD.
Treatment for ASD:
There is currently no cure for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but there are a number of effective treatments available that can significantly improve the quality of life for affected individuals and their families.
While there is no one-size-fits-all approach to treating ASD, therapies have been shown to be effective in improving symptoms, speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, and social skills training.
In some cases, medications may also be prescribed to help manage specific symptoms, such as anxiety or hyperactivity.
- Behavioral therapies, such as
- Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), are often used to help people with ASD improve social skills and communication. ABA focuses on teaching desired behaviors and reinforcing them with positive reinforcement.
- Social skills training (SST) : This type of behavioral therapy that can help people learn how to interact with others. It typically involves group sessions in which people practice skills such as making eye contact, starting conversations, and taking turns.
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is another type of psychological treatment that can be helpful for people with ASD. It focuses on changing negative thinking patterns and behaviors. It help people learn to cope with anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues.
- Psychological treatments are just one part of a comprehensive approach to ASD. Other interventions, such as speech therapy, occupational therapy, and medication, can also be helpful in managing ASD symptoms.
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