Psyche- mind & soma- body = psychosomatic.. illness of mind presenting in form of physical symptoms in body
It is a constant pattern of excessive concern or preoccupation with symptoms of some physical disease which is believed to have been yet undetected despite most medical reports to be normal, and several reassurances from multiple doctors also provide little relief.
People with this condition may have excessive thoughts, feelings or concerns about the symptoms — which affects their ability to function well.
There are frequent visits to healthcare providers and multiple tests and treatments, often not receiving a diagnosis, which may lead to frustration and distress.
Psychosomatic disorder is also called somatic symptom disorder/ illness anxiety disorder.
What are the common types of presentation in psychosomatic disorders?
Psychosomatic disorder can affect almost any part of the body. Common examples include:
- Fatigue
- Insomnia
- Aches and pains, such as muscle pain or back pain.
- High blood pressure (hypertension).
- Trouble breathing
- Indigestion (upset stomach).
- Headaches and migraines.
- Erectile dysfunction (impotence).
- Skin rash (dermatitis).
- Stomach ulcers
There are frequent visits to doctors of various specialities like dermatologist, gastroenterologist, physician, neurologist etc depending on the symptom profile.
Causes of psychosomatic disorders
Psychosomatic disorders differ from other disorders because they do not involve any physical disease or disease process. Instead, the symptoms are caused by psychological factors.
Psychosomatic diseases may be caused by:
– Fear and anxiety
This can be caused by trauma or abuse, but it can also occur when someone perceives an outside threat.
– Emotional stress
Some people develop physical symptoms when they have an emotional problem.
Different types of psychosomatic disorders
There are many different types of psychosomatic disorders. They include:
- somatic symptom disorder- preoccupation with physical symptoms
- illness anxiety disorder- fear of developing some serious physical disease
- Somatization disorder
- Conversion disorder
Treatment options for psychosomatic disorders
Referral to a specialist in mental health as(for example, a psychiatrist or psychologist).
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that helps people change their negative thinking and behaviour patterns. CBT usually takes place over several weeks or months, and people typically see a therapist for weekly sessions
Antidepressant medication
Antidepressant medication is also used to treat major depressive disorder and can be an effective part of treatment. The antidepressant medication works by balancing chemicals in the brain and is generally taken for at least six weeks.
Lifestyle changes
Certain lifestyle changes, such as practising meditation, getting enough sleep, and exercising regularly, can help you manage the psychosomatic symptoms up to a great extent.
The vital bit is to find a treatment that works for your situation. Some people might need medication, while others may require therapy. If you are suffering from a psychosomatic disorder, it is important to seek help from a professional.
Mindfulness-based therapy: Mindfulness-based therapy aims to cultivate moment-to-moment awareness and nonjudgmental acceptance of one’s thoughts, feelings, bodily sensations, and external environment. By practicing mindfulness, individuals learn to observe their experiences without reacting or getting caught up in them.
Stress reduction: Mindfulness practice has been shown to reduce stress levels, which can help alleviate the physical symptoms associated with psychosomatic disorders.
Emotional regulation: Individuals can better understand and manage their emotions, which can contribute to the reduction of psychosomatic symptoms.
Body awareness: It emphasizes the observation of bodily sensations and can help individuals develop a greater awareness of the mind-body connection. This awareness can assist in identifying and addressing the psychological factors influencing physical symptoms.
Self-care and resilience: Therapy promotes self-care practices, such as relaxation techniques, self-compassion, and healthy lifestyle choices. These practices can enhance overall well-being and build resilience to manage psychosomatic symptoms effectively.
